Cos'è lo stampo a iniezione di plastica?

Per quali componenti sono realizzati gli stampi in plastica?

Cosa sono i componenti standard e i componenti non standard dello stampo?

Quali materiali sono adatti per i componenti di stampi in plastica?

Perché i componenti dello stampo devono essere sottoposti a trattamento termico?

Perché la finitura superficiale dello stampo è importante per la durata dello stampo?

Cos'è lo stampo a iniezione di plastica?

Plastic injection mold is the most commonly used for the production of plastic parts. The processing equipment for plastic injection molds is the plastic injection molding machine. At first, the plastic particles are heated and melted in the hot barrel of the injection machine, and then driven by the screw or plunger, the melt enters the mold cavity through the injection machine nozzle and the mold’s gating system, and then the plastic will be formed and cooled to the molded parts with the shape that we need.

Injection molds have been widely used in the production of plastic products because they can form multiple plastic parts with complex structures, precise dimensions and good internal quality at one time. In addition, he has the characteristics of short production cycle and high efficiency, so it is suitable for large-scale production of plastic parts.

Per quali componenti sono realizzati gli stampi in plastica?

Forming components: directly contact with the melt and form the plastic part. There are usually mold components such as punches, cores, forming rods and rings, mold inserts and other components. Forming components define the internal and external contours and dimensions of the plastic part.

Core-pulling components: including angle pin, sliders, which are used to pull out the movable core when the mold is opened, so that the product is demolded.

Guide components: guide pillars and bushes to determine the relative position of the mold and ejection system.

Supporting and fixing components: including mold base plate, fixing plate, supporting plate, pad, etc., used to fix the mold or support the pressure in the injection molding.

Ejection components: ejector pin, ejector block, ejection bar to release the plastic molded parts.

Cosa sono i componenti standard e i componenti non standard dello stampo?

The standard mold components are the basic parts in the mold manufacturing. It has great significance to shorten the mold design and manufacturing cycle, reduce mold production costs, and improve mold quality. There are numerous manufacturers of standard parts on the market: Japanese MISUMI/O standards, American DME/O standards, Spanish CUMSA/O standards, German HASCO/O standards, German FIBRO standards, etc.

Non-standard mold components mean that the size and shape of the parts need to be customized according to the mold structure. In general, these parts have a greater impact on the formed parts and require higher accuracy. For example, mold core, mold insert, slider, lifter, ejection pins, etc.

Quali materiali sono adatti per i componenti di stampi in plastica?

With the development of the plastic injection molding industry, the quality requirements for plastic molds are also getting higher and higher. Therefore, the failure problems and influencing factors of mold components muss be seriously considered. Therefore, how to choose a good mold steel plays a decisive role for the main mold components like inserts and slider etc.

Hardness

Hardness is the main technical index of mold steel. The mold must have a sufficiently high hardness to maintain its shape and size under the action of high stress. Cold work die steel generally maintains hardness around HRC60 at room temperature. Hot work die steel is generally required to stay within the HRC40 ~ 55 range according to its working conditions.

Robustezza

Durante il processo di stampaggio a iniezione, lo stampo è soggetto a carichi d'urto. Per ridurre danni come rotture e scheggiature, l'acciaio per stampi deve avere una certa tenacità. Pertanto, i processi di lavorazione a caldo e di trattamento termico devono essere utilizzati per ottenere la migliore combinazione di resistenza all'usura, resistenza e tenacità del materiale dello stampo.

Resistenza alla fatica termica

Lo stampo è anche soggetto ad alta temperatura e periodico raffreddamento rapido e riscaldamento rapido. La resistenza alla fatica termica determina la durata dello stampo prima dell'inizio della cricca per fatica. Per ottenere una lunga durata degli stampi per lavorazione a caldo, i materiali degli stampi devono avere un'elevata resistenza alla fatica termica, un basso tasso di crescita delle cricche e alti valori di tenacità alla frattura.

Resistenza all'abrasione

Il fattore più importante nel determinare la durata dello stampo è la resistenza all'abrasione del materiale dei componenti dello stampo. Per migliorare la resistenza all'usura dell'acciaio per stampi, è necessario mantenere l'acciaio per componenti dello stampo con un'elevata durezza e garantire che la composizione, la morfologia e la distribuzione dei carburi o di altre fasi temprate nell'acciaio siano ragionevoli.

Perché i componenti dello stampo devono essere sottoposti a trattamento termico?

In order to make mold components have the required mechanical properties, physical properties and chemical properties, heat treatment process are very essential. Among mold failure accidents, accidents caused by heat treatment are generally 52.3%, so that heat treatment plays an important role in the entire mold component manufacturing. The quality of the heat treatment process has a greater impact on the quality of the mold parts. The purpose is to improve the mechanical properties of the material, eliminate residual stress and improve the machinability of the mold components.

Perché la finitura superficiale dello stampo è importante per la durata dello stampo?

The surface quality of mold parts is measured by surface roughness, which is usually expressed in Ra (µm). The smaller the Ra value, the higher the surface quality. The working properties of mold components, such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and strength, are greatly affected by their surface finishing quality. The higher the surface quality of mold components, the longer its life. On the other hand, if the surface quality of the mold parts is too high, it will increase the cost of mold manufacturing.

The polishing of mold components is a very important process in the mold manufacturing process. Mold parts with mirrors and high-gloss surfaces have higher requirements for mold surface roughness, and therefore higher requirements for polishing. Polishing not only increases the aesthetics of the workpiece, but also improves the corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of the material surface. It can also facilitate subsequent injection molding processing, such as making plastic products easy to demold and reducing the production injection molding cycle.

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